Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: The role of melatonin in affecting cognitive dysfunction in acute sleep deprivation mice through the nuclear factor kappaB pathway and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2025-0379

Figure Lengend Snippet: Melatonin improved CD in male C57BL/6J ASD mice. MWM test was conducted to detect (a) escape latency, (b) time needed for first crossing, (c) number of crossings through the target platform zone, and (d) time spent in the target platform quadrant within 180 s of mice ( n = 12); (e) open field experiment was performed to assess mouse spontaneous activity ( n = 12); (f) elevated plus maze test was conducted to assess time spent in open and enclosed arms ( n = 12); (g) ELISA was used to measure AChE activity and ACh levels in the hippocampal CA1 region of SD mice ( n = 6). Data in panel (c) failed the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and the Mann–Whitney U -test was applied for inter-group comparisons. All other data were normally distributed, with the results presented as mean ± standard deviation. (a) Escape latency in the MWM test was analyzed using two-way ANOVA, with the Šídák’s multiple comparison test used for post hoc analyses; (b)–(g) one-way ANOVA was applied for comparisons among multiple groups, and Tukey’s multiple comparison test for post hoc analysis. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits were used to determine levels of IL-4 (Mouse IL-4 ELISA Kit, ml063156, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 ELISA Kit, ml037873, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), TNF-α (Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit, ml002095, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit, ml301814, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), acetylcholine (ACh) (mouse ACh ELISA kit, E-EL-0081, Elabscience, Wuhan, Hubei.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Standard Deviation, Comparison

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: The role of melatonin in affecting cognitive dysfunction in acute sleep deprivation mice through the nuclear factor kappaB pathway and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2025-0379

Figure Lengend Snippet: Melatonin mitigated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampal CA1 region of male C57BL/6J ASD mice. (a) HE staining to observe the structure of the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; (b) Nissl staining to observe the neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; ELISA to determine TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10, (c) MDA and ROS levels, and SOD activity in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice (d); (e) western blot to measure PSD95 protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; n = 6. All data were normally distributed as determined by the Shapiro–Wilk test and were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was applied for comparisons among multiple groups, and Tukey’s multiple comparison for post hoc analysis. Multiple comparisons were subjected to FDR correction using the Benjamini–Hochberg method ( q = 0.05). Corrected P -values were denoted as P adj , while uncorrected raw P -values were labeled as P . FDR correction ( q = 0.05) was applied to all multiple comparisons within each analytical category (inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits were used to determine levels of IL-4 (Mouse IL-4 ELISA Kit, ml063156, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 ELISA Kit, ml037873, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), TNF-α (Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit, ml002095, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit, ml301814, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), acetylcholine (ACh) (mouse ACh ELISA kit, E-EL-0081, Elabscience, Wuhan, Hubei.

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Standard Deviation, Comparison, Labeling

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: The role of melatonin in affecting cognitive dysfunction in acute sleep deprivation mice through the nuclear factor kappaB pathway and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2025-0379

Figure Lengend Snippet: Suppression of the NF-κB pathway improved neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampal CA1 region of male C57BL/6J ASD mice. (a/f) Western blot to determine p-p65/p65 ratio and PSD95 protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; (b) HE staining to observe the structure of the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; (c) Nissl staining to observe the neuronal status of the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; ELISA to determine (d) TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10 levels and (e) MDA levels, ROS, and SOD activity in the hippocampal CA1 region; n = 6. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The t -test was adopted for inter-group comparisons. Multiple comparisons were subjected to FDR correction using the Benjamini–Hochberg method ( q = 0.05). Corrected P -values were denoted as P adj , while uncorrected raw P -values were labeled as P . FDR correction ( q = 0.05) was applied to all multiple comparisons within each analytical category (inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits were used to determine levels of IL-4 (Mouse IL-4 ELISA Kit, ml063156, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 ELISA Kit, ml037873, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), TNF-α (Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit, ml002095, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit, ml301814, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), acetylcholine (ACh) (mouse ACh ELISA kit, E-EL-0081, Elabscience, Wuhan, Hubei.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Standard Deviation, Labeling

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: The role of melatonin in affecting cognitive dysfunction in acute sleep deprivation mice through the nuclear factor kappaB pathway and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2025-0379

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway notably attenuated CD in male C57BL/6J ASD mice. MWM test to determine (a) escape latency, (b) first crossing time, (c) number of crossings through the target platform zone, and (d) time spent in the target platform quadrant within 180 s of mice ( n = 12); (e) open field experiment to assess spontaneous activity of mice ( n = 12); (f) elevated plus maze test was conducted to assess time spent in open and enclosed arms ( n = 12); (g) ELISA was used to measure AChE activity and ACh levels in the hippocampal CA1 region of SD mice ( n = 6). Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. (a) Escape latency in the MWM test was analyzed using two-way ANOVA, with the Šídák’s multiple comparison test used for post hoc analyses; (b)–(g) the t test was utilized for inter-group comparisons. ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits were used to determine levels of IL-4 (Mouse IL-4 ELISA Kit, ml063156, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 ELISA Kit, ml037873, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), TNF-α (Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit, ml002095, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit, ml301814, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), acetylcholine (ACh) (mouse ACh ELISA kit, E-EL-0081, Elabscience, Wuhan, Hubei.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation, Comparison

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: The role of melatonin in affecting cognitive dysfunction in acute sleep deprivation mice through the nuclear factor kappaB pathway and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2025-0379

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of the NF-κB signaling promoted oxidative stress and CD in the hippocampal CA1 region of male C57BL/6J ASD mice. (a/f) Western blot for determination of p-p65, p65, and PSD95 protein expression levels in the hippocampal CA1 region ( n = 6); (b) HE staining for observation of the structure of the mouse hippocampal CA1 region ( n = 6); (c) Nissl staining for assessment of neuronal status in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region ( n = 6); (d) ELISA for measurement of levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice ( n = 6); (e) levels of MDA, ROS, and SOD activity in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region ( n = 6); (f) western blot for determination of PSD95 protein expression; MWM test to detect (g) escape latency, (h) time needed for first crossing, (i) number of crossings through the target platform zone within 180 s, and (j) time spent in the target platform quadrant within 180 s of mice ( n = 12); (k) open field experiment to assess mouse spontaneous activity ( n = 12); (l) elevated plus maze test to quantify time spent in open and enclosed arms ( n = 12); (m) ELISA was used to measure AChE activity and ACh levels in the hippocampal CA1 region of SD mice ( n = 6). Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. (g) Escape latency was analyzed using two-way ANOVA, with the Šídák’s multiple comparison test used for post hoc analyses; other panels: inter-group comparisons were analyzed by the t -test. Multiple comparisons underwent FDR correction via the Benjamini–Hochberg method ( q = 0.05). Corrected P -values were denoted as P adj and uncorrected raw P -values as P . FDR correction ( q = 0.05) was applied to all multiple comparisons within each analytical category (inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits were used to determine levels of IL-4 (Mouse IL-4 ELISA Kit, ml063156, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 ELISA Kit, ml037873, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), TNF-α (Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit, ml002095, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit, ml301814, Enzyme-linked Biotechnology), acetylcholine (ACh) (mouse ACh ELISA kit, E-EL-0081, Elabscience, Wuhan, Hubei.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Standard Deviation, Comparison

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: Augmentation of Antigen Receptor–mediated Responses by Histamine H1 Receptor Signaling

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Normal proliferative responses to IL-2, IL-4, CD40L, CD40L plus IL-4, and LPS in H1R −/− mice. Total spleen cells from H1R −/− (black bars) and their wild-type littermates (white bars) were cultured with medium alone or various concentrations of IL-2 (A) or IL-4 (B). Splenic B cells were cultured with CD40L–CD8 chimeric protein (CD40L) alone or in combination with IL-4 (C) or LPS (D). Cells were cultured for 3 d and pulse-labeled with [ 3 H]thymidine for the final 18 h. All cultures were performed in triplicate.

Article Snippet: The amounts of IL-4 and IL-2 in the supernatants were determined by a quantitative sandwich ELISA method using the Biotrack and Amersham mouse IL-4 and IL-2 kit ( Amersham International ).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Labeling